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Guest Lecture No. 1 (11-01--99) Dr. Barney
Maddox holds a B.S. in biology
from Texas Christian University and an M.D. from UTSW Medical School
in Dallas. His residency in urology was done through the
University of Missouri, and he now is in private practice. In
1997 Dr. Maddox was a committee member on the Texas State Schoolbook
Panel, for biology. | ||||||
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HUMAN GENOME PROJECT:
QUANTITATIVE DISPROOF OF EVOLUTION | ||||||
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But the overwhelming problem for evolutionists is that any random
change in a complex, specific, functioning system wrecks that
system. And living things are the most complex functional
system in the universe.
DNA is information, or language, that codes for and describes the
specific animal. Think about it. Any random change in a
sentence or paragraph wrecks the whole system. Imagine trying
to randomly (or even directionally) evolve one simple sentence to
another through functional intermediates. It's
impossible. Take the following example:
Whether the
changes are random, or directed, notice that all the intermediate
sentences are non-functional. Non-function for an
animal, whether in a gene or an anatomic structure, means
death , not improvement, as we shall see. And just to
get from one simple, functional nine-part sentence and randomly
change it into another functional nine-part sentence would require
26 to the ninth power = 5.42 trillion trials. This is
hopelessly absurd.
Mutations are just such random changes in the DNA, or genetic
material of organisms, and evolution, to succeed in producing higher
animal forms, requires that mutations be positive (enhance
function and survival).
But scientific observation directly contradicts evolutionary
theory. The vast, vast majority of genetic mutations are
usually lethal (as our theoretical exercise would predict), or at
least crippling to the organism, drastically damaging survival and
function. A few examples in humans include Trisomy 21 (Down's
syndrome), polycystic kidney disease, and cystic fibrosis.
Until the last few years, when the Human Genom Project
pinned mutations down to the gene and even the nucleotide level in
DNA, evolutionists could take comfort in the fact that mutations
were not very well quantitated as a percent of DNA actually
changed. The human Genome Project, assembled in 1988, is a
worldwide cooperative effort by genetic researchers to completely
decode the entire human genome (all 46 chromosomes) right down to
the nucleotide monomer (individual building block molecule)
sequence. Out of 50,000 to 100,000 genes in the human genome,
2000 genes have been completely sequenced. The precise
mutations (point nucleotide changes) in some fatal hereditary
diseases have been determined, and the news is fatal to the
theory of evolution.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease
affecting about 2000 American babies each year. Afflicted
children have mucous plugging defects in the lungs, leading to
severe, recurring pneumonia, and pancreatic insufficiency.
Without medical therapy cystic fibrosis is fatal by age 10, even
with excellent care, most patients will die before age 30.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by tiny (point) mutations in
chromosome 7, leading to deletion of a single amino acid in as=m ion
transport protein, 1,480 amino acids long. The total
nucleotide monomer content of the human genome is at least 3
billion nucleotides, all very specifically interdependent in
unimaginably complex ways. The cystic fibrosis genetic
mutation involves a random change of not more than 3 nucleotides.
The important point is that science has now
quantitated that a genetic mutation of as little as 1 billionth
(.0000001%) of an animal's genome is relentlessly fatal!
Now the genetic difference between human and his
"nearest relative," the chimpanzee, is at least 1.6%. That
doesn't sound like much, but calculated out, that is a gap of at
least 48 million nucleotide differences that must be bridged
by random changes. And a random change of only 3
nucleotides is fatal to an animal (and of course the death of a
crippled mutant animal ends all possibility of further change).
Obviously there is no way to bridge even small genetic gaps
successfully between animal species closely resembling each other
(so called "microevolution"). And imagine macroevolutionary
changes, say, just between lizard and bird! The genetic
difference is probably around 20%, involving hundreds of millions of
nucleotide differences.
And this quantitative genetic information, so overtly destructive
to the theory of evolution, doesn't even take into account
probabilities. The number of random trials to get from one
specific 200 part system to another specific 200 part system would
easily exhaust all probabilities in the universe. Imagine how
many random trials (I doubt computers could even calculate it) it
would take to get form chimpanzee to human (3 billion part
system)!
The lastest quantitative genetic information is proving the
theory of evolution to be the most irrational belief ever held by
man. Each animal species is separated by overwhelmingly
unbridgeable genetic, anatomic and functional gaps. This means
that each individual species had to be assembled separately, just
like Genesis says, by an intelligence whose chemical engineering
technology is hundreds of trillions of times as advanced as
ours. There is only one word for such an intelligence: God.
In the cystic fibrosis article by Collins, et al, they allude to
the human genome as a library and a blueprint. They also refer
to it as the "owner's manual." That's not quite correct.
The human genome is the "Manufacturer's manual". Information
can only originate from intelligence.
Given the latest genetic information about mutations, anyone who
persists in believing in evolution should heed his warning:
"For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are
clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His
eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse."
Romans 1:21. | ||||||
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